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RECORDING STUDIO |
Last Update: December 30, 2007 |
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recording studio, automated mixing, music studios, cd mastering, digital editing, SSL, school, instruction, studer, Q, Dolby, console automation, studios, analog recording, 48 tracks, cd mastering, training program, platinum, gold recording, music production, neumann, akg, lexicon, soundtracks, midi, Schools of Recording, sequencing, analog, producers, gold, 48 tracks, studio, automated mixing, records, commercial production, audio for video, smpte, CD mastering, duplication, Virginia, Maryland, Washtington, D.C.platinum, voice overs, talent, microphones, nord, grand piano, narration, genelec, falls church, maryland, dc, washington, d.c., fairfax, arlington, announcers, smpte, adat, da-88, multimedia,Que, music,RECORDING studios audio engineering sound studio mixing mastering technical school CD duplication transfers analog pro-tools certification certified omega editing tracking east coast vocals studer pro tools digidesign,instruction school teaching learn duplication, replication, studers, dolby sr, duplication, digital editing, 2" analog format, service, rock, r & b, commercial, music, audio for video, neumann, pro tools, mastering, compact discs, recording, digital pro tools, producers, hip hop, rock, washington dc, maryland, drums piano, guitar, professional recording, audio, billboard hits, mp3, cubase, neve, solid state logic replication, schoolcompact discs, printing, graphics, recording studios, music rooms, mix, instruction, certification, pro tools, curriculum, training, instruction, arts, programs,skills, gold ,one on one,Pro Tools, mp3, music, ethnic, world, carousel, band organ, merry go round, Wurlitzer, Get Your Music Heard, klezmer, jewish, Baha'i, turkish, irish, celtic, cd, cdrs, blank cds,cassette, blank cassettes, web pages, independent, label, recording, studio, cd manufacturing, cassette manufacturing, music store, music catalog, talent booking agency, web pioneers,Media, entertainment, college, courses, audio, recording engineer, engineering, school, education, degree programs, training, jobs, careers, film school, film, video, post production, film production, video production, producing, directing, video production, editing, AVID, Protools, Maya, digital media, HTML, web design, computer graphics, Adobe training, live show production, concert lighting, computer animation, modeling, interactive design, producer, director, computer game design, video game design, creative arts, media arts, MIDI, electronic music production, broadcast production, screenplays, screenwriting, 3D animation, game programming, game developer, graphic design, live sound production, flash,Recording studios generally consist of at least two rooms: the studio itself, where the sound for the recording is created (often referred to as the "live room"), and the control room, where the sound from the studio is recorded and manipulated. Recording studios are carefully designed around the principles of room acoustics to create a set of spaces with the acoustical properties required for recording sound with precision and accuracy. This will consist of both room treatment (through the use of absorption and diffusion materials on the surfaces of the room, and also consideration of the physical dimensions of the room itself in order to make the room respond to sound in a desired way) and soundproofing (to provide sonic isolation between the rooms). A recording studio may also include additional rooms, such as a vocal booth - a small room designed for voice recording, as well as one or more extra control rooms. recording, records, studio, ssl, neve, neumann, microphones, the record plant, plant, analog, rock and roll, recording studios, california, sausalito, protools, metallica, primus, dave matthews band, Kronos Quartet, Bond Bondies, QTVR, virtual tour, home recording, home recording studio, home recording equipment, home recording techniques, digital home recording, home recording software, home recording tips, home recording dot com, MP3, music, audio, MIDI, recording music, music recording, home recording studio, digital home recording,home recording equipment,home recording techniques,sound cards,tutorials, digital audio,tascam, TASCAM, mixing, 4-track, 8-track, digital recording,CDs,TASCAM 424,portastudio,Alesis,Quadraverb 2,Alesis Quadraverb 2, TASCAM 488, cassette, project studio, home studio, do it yourself, diy, FAQ, reviews, multitrack, minidisc, cassettes, product review, software review, tape, studio, free, 4-track: a cassette multitrack recorder with 4 tracks. 8-track: 1. a cassette multitrack recorder with 8 tracks. 2. a 1970s car stereo playback device (click), invented by Bill Lear of LearJet fame (click), which fortunately (click) is gone forever (click). Unfortunately, so is Bill (click). A/D Converter: converts an analog sound signal to a digital bitstream that computers can mess with. Analog: normal, everyday, sound or electronic equipment that deals with real sound rather than sound that's been transformed into bits and bytes. Audio Spectrum: sound frequencies that the human ear can hear, generally between 20 and 20,000 Hz. Can: what you're sitting on when you get your best ideas. Cans: slang for headphones. Cassette: a plastic shell with 1/8" analog audio tape in it, invented by Philips in the 1960s. Cassette Multitrack Recorder: a cassette tape recorder, usually with a built-in mixer, with multitrack capabilities...effectively, a recording studio in a box. CD: Compact Disc. You knew that, I hope... Compressor: a widely misused piece of electronic equipment that reduces dynamic range. A compressor will tend to make louder sounds the same level as softer sounds. D/A converter: the opposite of an A/D converter, of course! Digital: 1. computers' favorite food 2. of or pertaining to your fingers. DAT: 1. Digital Audio Tape, a.k.a. 4 mm. cassette. DAT recorders are the tape medium of choice for mixing down to, because you can send a DAT tape to any CD pressing firm and (assuming you used the correct 44.1 KHz frequency) can be translated direct to CD in the digital mode without losing anything. 2. Brooklynese for "that". Digital Recording: 1. a method of converting audio to digital signals so they can be processed and recorded with more expensive equipment that doesn't degrade the sound 2. more proof that computers are taking over the world. Dynamics Processing: anything that interferes with the natural dynamic range of the sound. Dynamic Range: the "loudness spectrum", from, say, a whisper to a shout. Effects: 1. generic name for any electronic box that changes the sound in some way other than EQ or dynamics processing. Examples: reverb, tremolo, flanging, fuzz, chorus, delay. 2. what you're going to spend lots of your money on before you know what hit you. EQ: short for equalization. Equalization: a long word for "fancy tone controls". Equalization lets you boost or cut frequencies in any part of the audio spectrum. Headphones: 1. a small set of speakers you wear on your head that ideally keep outside sounds out, and what you're listening to from bleeding into the mics 2. poor man's studio monitors. Limiter (or peak limiter): sets a "never to be exceeded" plateau for sound volume; everything over this peak gets "squashed down" in volume. Important to use with digital equipment. Master tape: the "1st generation" tape that you recorded on, generally on a multitrack recorder. Erase this by mistake and it's "The Day the Music Died". Mastering: a process whereby a number of songs, after being mixed down, are EQ'd, compressed as necessary, and balanced in volume with each other, so that they will sound good when placed together on a CD. Mic: short for microphone and pronounced like the name "Mike". Mike: the bass player in my high school band, now a world-famous video artist. Microphone: sound goes in one ear, and electricity out the other. MIDI: an acronym for Musical Instruments Digital Interface, MIDI is a common encoding language that most keyboard synthesizers speak. As used in most recording studios, MIDI files (generally stored on a computer) can be used to force MIDI-based sound modules or sound cards to act as high-tech "player pianos". That's not an analogy, either, that's exactly what they're doing. Mixer: 1. an impressive-looking device* with faders and EQ knobs whose sole function is to control the level of sound from different tracks or inputs. 2. a kind of inane party given by local Chambers of Commerce. Mixing down: taking the tracks from a recording session, playing them back together, and adjusting the voulme, panning, and effects so you can record the final result in stereo to a "mixdown recorder". Mixing up: what you do with patch cords and master tapes when it's way too late at night. Monitor: 1. speakers that you use when mixing down, also known as "studio monitors". 2. a large carnivorous lizard. 3. a computer screen, like the one you're looking at right now.** Multitrack: any recording device with one or more tracks that can be separately recorded and played back. In the 1960s, this was called "sound-on-sound" and "sound-with-sound", which nobody understood except a few editors at audio magazines. Normalizing: 1. to make normal (this never worked on me) 2. to normalize tracks. Duh...seriously, just click here. Patchbay: 1. a signal rerouter that mounts on a rack, with dozens of jacks on the front and the back. 2. a very useful item that you will have to buy to prevent going insane after you have your multitrack recorder, compressor, effects boxes, and mixdown recorder, so budget an extra $200 right now. Patch cord: 1. a short cable used to connect inputs to outputs on a patchbay. 2. inch for inch, the world's most expensive guitar cable. Portastudio™: this is a trademarked term of TASCAM referring to their cassette multitrack recorders. Producer: 1. someone who thinks he knows more about recording and mixing a song than the actual musicians. 2. someone who actually does know more about recording and mixing a song than the actual musicians, which is why he gets paid for doing it. Punch in/out: 1. a pedal that controls the recording signal so you can "go over" a short section of already-recorded material that you (or the producer) think could be improved. 2. what you have to do at hourly jobs. 3. what you are liable to do to the producer if he asks you for one more retake. Rack: 1. an expensive box with metal rails 19" apart, that you mount all your expensive electronic equipment in. 2. no torture jokes, OK? Virtual Tracking: first you record MIDI or SMPTE timecode onto one track of your recorder, using a MIDI sync box. Then you set up a sequencer with your MIDI file (usually the rhythm tracks of a song you want to play along with). The timecode forces the sequencer to play the MIDI file as the tape rolls, so that you can mix the sound from the MIDI in directly along with the tape tracks. Equipment found in a recording studio commonly includes: Mixing console Multitrack recorder Microphones Reference monitors, which are loudspeakers with a flat frequency response And may also include: Digital Audio Workstation Music workstation Outboard Effects, such as compressors, reverbs, or equalizers History Early recording studios often lacked isolation booths, baffles, and sometimes even speakers. Designed for live recording of an entire band or performance, they attempted rather to group musicians and singers than to separate them. (Modern sound stages sometimes use this approach for large film scoring projects today.) With the introduction of multi-track recording, it became possible to record instruments and singers separately and at different times on different tracks on tape. Therefore, the emphasis shifted to isolation and sound-proofing. In the 1960s, recordings were analog recordings made using ¼-inch or ½-inch eight-track magnetic tape. By the early 1970s, the technology progressed to using various types of multi-track tape. The most common of which is the 2-inch analog tape, capable of containing up to 24 individual tracks. Generally after an audio mix is set up on a 24-track tape machine, the signal is played back and sent to a different machine which records the combined signals (called printing) to a ½-inch 2-track stereo tape, called a master. Prior to digital recording, the total number of available tracks onto which one could record was measured in multiples of 24, based on the number of 24-track tape machines being used. Today, analog tape machines are well sought after as some purists label digitally recorded audio as sounding too harsh. This is widely attributed to the fact that digital recording will sample a sound wave many times per second allowing an illusion of solid sound waves to be created, where in contrast, analog tape captures a sound wave in its entirety. The scarcity and age of analog tape machines greatly increases their value, as does the fact that many audio engineers still insist on recording only to analog tape. Presently, most recording studios now use digital recording equipment which only limits the number of available tracks based on the capacity of the mixing console or computer hardware interface. General purpose computers are assuming a larger role in the recording process, being able to replace the mixing consoles, recorders, synthesizers, samplers and sound effects devices. A computer thus outfitted is called a Digital Audio Workstation, or DAW. Popular audio-recording software includes Digidesign Pro Tools, Cubase and Nuendo by Steinberg, Motu Digital Performer, Ableton Live, Cakewalk SONAR and Apple Logic Pro. Apple Macintosh hardware is most commonly found throughout the recording industry, however because many of these software applications are so much more reliant on the audio recording hardware than the computer they are running on, many of the computers used today are not as current as the average home computer. Much software is available for Microsoft Windows and Linux, and a sizeable portion of both commercial and home studios can be seen running PC-based multitrack audio software. If no mixing console is used and all mixing is done using only a keyboard and mouse, this is referred to as Mixing in the Box. There are also dedicated machines which integrate a recorder, preamps, effects, and a mixing console; these devices are frequently referred to as DAW's, generally in advertising. A small, personal recording studio is sometimes called a project studio. Such studios often cater to specific needs of an individual artist, or are used as a non-commercial hobby. The first modern project studios came into being during the late 1980s, with the advent of affordable multitrack recorders, synthesizers and microphones. The phenomenon has flourished with falling prices of MIDI equipment and accessories, as well as inexpensive digital hard-disk recording products.
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